Do CEOs influence CFOs’ equity incentives to manage earnings?

  • Ruonan Liu University of the Pacific

Abstract

This study examines whether CEOs’ incremental equity incentives relative to CFOs (i.e., the gap between CEO equity incentives and CFO equity incentives) and CEO power constrain or exacerbate CFOs' equity incentives to manage earnings. In most companies, CEOs own more equity than CFOs and may pressure CFOs to engage in earnings management. I find no evidence that CEO incremental equity incentives or CEO power affect the association between CFOs’ equity incentives and earnings management. In addition, I find that CFOs’ equity incentives mitigate real earnings management activities, which can help align the interests of CFOs with shareholders.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References
Adams, R., H. Almeida, and D. Ferreira. 2005. Powerful CEOs and their impact on corporate performance. Review of Financial Studies 18 (4): 1403–1432.
Aggarwal, R., and A. Samwick. 2003. Performance incentives within firms: the effect of managerial responsibility. Journal of Finance 58: 1613–1649.
Barton, J., and P. J. Simko. 2002. The balance sheet as an earnings management constraint. The Accounting Review 77: 1-27.
Bergstresser, D., and T. Philippon. 2006. CEO incentives and earnings management. Journal of Financial Economics 80 (3): 511–529.
Bebchuk, L. A., K. M. Cremers, and U. C. Peyer. 2011. CEO pay slice. Journal of Financial Economics 102: 199–221.
Bebchuk, L. A., J. M. Fried, and D. I. Walker. 2002. Managerial power and rent extraction in the design of executive compensation. National bureau of economic research.
Burns, N., and S. Kedia. 2006. The impact of performance-based compensation on misreporting. Journal of Financial Economics 79 (1): 35–67.
Chava, S., and A. Purnanandam. 2010. CEOs versus CFOs: incentives and corporate policies. Journal of Financial Economics 97: 263–278.
Cheng, Q., and T. Warfield. 2005. Equity incentives and earnings management. The Accounting Review 80: 441–476.
Cohen, D., A. Dey, and T. Lys. 2008. Real and accrual-based earnings management in the pre- and post-Sarbanes Oxley periods. The Accounting Review 83: 757–787.
Core, J., and W. Guay. 2002. Estimating the value of employee stock option portfolios and their sensitivities to price and volatility. Journal of Accounting Research 40: 613–630.
Degeorge, F., J. Patel, and R. Zeckhauser. 1999. Earnings management to exceed thresholds. Journal of Business 72: 1–33.
Duellman, S., A. S. Ahmed, and A. M. Abdel-Meguid. 2013. An empirical analysis of the effects of monitoring intensity on the relation between equity incentives and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (32): 495-517.
Fama, E., and K. French. 1997. Industry costs of equity. Journal of Financial Economics 43: 153–193.
Feng, M., W. Ge, S. Luo, and T. Shevlin. 2011. Why do CFOs become involved in material accounting manipulations? Journal of Accounting and Economics 51: 21–36.
Finkelstein, S.. 1992. Power in top management teams: dimensions, measurement, and validation. The Academy of Management Journal 35 (3): 505–538.
Ge, W., D. Matsumoto, and J. L. Zhang. 2010. Do CFOs have styles? An empirical investigation of the effect of individual CFOs on accounting practices. Contemporary Accounting Research 28 (4): 1141–1179.
Geiger, M., and D. North. 2006. Does hiring a new CFO change things? An investigation of changes in discretionary accruals. The Accounting Review 81: 781–809.
Gompers, P., J. Ishii, and A. Metrick. 2003. Corporate governance and equity prices. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 118: 107–155.
Ham, C., M. Lang, N. Seybert, and S. Wang. 2017. CFO narcissism and financial reporting quality. Journal of Accounting Research. 55(5): 1089-1135.
Hennes, K., A. Leone, and B. Miller. 2008. The importance of distinguishing errors from irregularities in restatement research: the case of restatements and CEO/CFO turnover. The Accounting Review 83 (6): 1487–1519.
Indjejikian, R. J., and M. Matejka. 2009. CFO fiduciary responsibilities and annual bonus incentives. Journal of Accounting Research 47 (4): 1061-1093.
Jiang, J., K. Petroni, and I. Wang. 2010. CFOs and CEOs: who have the most influence on earnings management? Journal of Financial Economics 96: 513–526.
Liu, R., S. Lin, and C. Wang. 2020. CFO promotion-based incentives and earnings management. Working Paper.
Matsumoto, D. 2002. Management’s incentives to avoid earnings surprises. The Accounting Review 77: 483–514.
Mian, S. 2001. On the choice and replacement of chief financial officers. Journal of Financial Economics 60: 143–175.
Payne, J. L., and S. Robb. 2000. Earnings management: The effect of ex-ante earnings expectations. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 15 (4): 371-392.
Roychowdhury, S. 2006. Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 42(3), 335–370.
Skinner, D. J., and R. G. Sloan. 2002. Earnings surprises, growth expectations, and stock returns or don't let an earnings torpedo sink your portfolio. Review of Accounting Studies 7 (2-3): 289-312.
Published
2022-11-27
How to Cite
LIU, Ruonan. Do CEOs influence CFOs’ equity incentives to manage earnings?. Journal of Accounting, Business and Management (JABM), [S.l.], v. 29, n. 2, p. 22-42, nov. 2022. ISSN 2622-2167. Available at: <https://journal.stie-mce.ac.id/index.php/jabminternational/article/view/588>. Date accessed: 23 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v29i2.588.
Section
Articles