Human Resource Indicators and Bank Performance
An Empirical Study on Banking Industry, Bangladesh
Abstract
The study investigates the human resource indicators of selected banks that impact the bank’s profitability performance. By using human resources impact indicators like the number of employees of a bank, the number of branches, deposit collection by per employee, operating profit earned by per employee, and salaries and allowances are given to per employee have impact on banks popular profitability indicator named return on assets. The study is employed on 20 private commercial banks of Bangladesh from according to the data available in between 2014 to 2018. The study's findin gs show that the number of employees of a bank, deposit collection by per employee, operating profit earned by per employee, and salaries and allowances given per employee are significantly impact the bank’s profitability. However, the number of branches of a bank remains insignificant. The study noticed a significant contribution to existing literature related to the human resource context in the banking industry of Bangladesh specially quantifying the contribution of human resources in the profitability of banks. The research suggests policymakers to focus on branch banking to efficiently utilize human resources so that they impact the bank’s profitability and sustainabilityDownloads
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References
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Rouf, M. A. (2011). The relationship betweem corporate governance and value of the firm in developong countries: Evidence from Bangladesh. The International Journal of Applied Economics & Finance, 5(3), 237-244. Doi:10.3923/ijaef.2011.237.244.Seale, G. (2004, October 20). Branching continues to thrive as the U.S. banking system consolidates(pp. 1-12). FYI: An update on emerging issues in banking series, Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.Shumway, T. (2001, January). Forecasting bankruptcy more accurately: A simple hazard model. Journal of Business, 74(1), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.1086/209665.Simpson, A. V., Clegg, S. R., & Freeder, D. (2013). Compassion, power and organization. Journal of Political Power, 6(3), 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2013.846558.Stone, D. L., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2013). Emerging issues in theory and research on electronic human resource management (eHRM). Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.001.Subat, A., Rahman, M. M., & Rahman, M. R. (2020, December). Employees perception on recruitment and selection process in banking sector of Bangladesh. The Journal of Management Theory & Practice, 1(3), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2020.1.3.41.Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013, June). What determines the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Accounting & Finance, 53(2), 561-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2011.00466.x.Uwuigbe, U., & Olusanmi, O. (2012, January). An empirical examination of the relationship between ownership structure and the performance of firms in Nigeria. International Business Research, 5(1), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p208.Valenti, M. A., Luce, R., & Mayfield, C. (2011, March). The effects of firm performance on corporate governance. Management Research Review, 34(3), 266-283. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111116295.Williams, R. (n.d.). Heteroskedasticity. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www3.nd.edu/~rwilliam/.Zardkoohi, A., & Kolari, J. (1994). Branch office economies of scale and scope: Evidence from savings banks in Finland. Journal of Banking & Finance, 18(3), 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(94)90001-9.Zou, T., Lan, W., Wang, H., & Tsai, C. L. (2017). Covariance regression analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 112(517), 266-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2015.1131699.Zou, Y. D., Miller, S. M., & Malamud, B. (2011). Geographic deregulation and commercial bank performance in U.S. state banking markets. Quarterly Review of Economics & Finance, 51(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2010.09.003.
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., & Kalleberg, A. L. (2001, December). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance work systems pay off. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 781-783. https://doi.org/10.2307/3089250 and https://www.jstor.org/stable/3094834.Bai, J., Choi, S. H., & Liao, Y. (2020, November). Feasible generalized least squares for panel data with cross-sectional and serial correlations. Empirical Economics, 60, 309-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01977-2.Bauer, R., Eichholtz, P., & Kok, N. (2010). Corporate governance and performance: The REIT effect. Real Estate Economics, 38(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2009.00252.x.Belsley, D. A. (2006, August). Conditioning diagnostics. In Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471667196.ess0275.pub2.Bhagat, S., Bolton, B., & Subramanian, A. (2011). Manager characteristics and capital structure: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis, 46(6), 1-67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109011000482.Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005, July). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2005.tb00154.x. Casalegno, C., & Pellicelli, M. (2008, April). The human capital impact on the share holder value creation. International Business Review, 2-3, 1-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13132/2038-5498/2008.2-3.1-31.Chaturvedi, A., & Sharma, D. (2012, June). Employees productivity analysis (a comparative study of Punjab national bank and central bank of India). IMS Manthan, 7(1), 55-57. http://www.publishingindia.com/GetBrochure.aspx?query=UERGQnJvY2h1cmVzfC8xMjg0LnBkZnwvMTI4NC5wZGY=.Chidambaran, N. K., Palia, D., & Zheng, Y. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from large governance changes. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1108497.Chompukum, P. (2011). Performance management effectiveness in Thai banking industry: A look from performers and a role of interactional justice. Journal of International Business & Cultural Studies, 1-22.Chugh, L. C., Meador, J. W., & Kumar, A. S. (2011). Corporate governance overnance and firm performance: Evidence from India. Journal of Finance & Accounting, 7, 1-10.Curto, J. D., & Pinto, J. C. (2011). The corrected VIF (CVIF). Journal of Applied Statistics, 38(7), 1499-1507. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2010.505956.Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academyof Management Journal, 39(4), 949-969. https://doi.org/10.2307/256718.Din, S., -u., & Javid, A. Y. (2011). Impact of managerial ownership on financial policies and the firm’s performance: Evidence Pakistani manufacturing firms. International Research Journal of Finance & Economics, 81, 13-29.Fazlzadeh, A., Hendi, A. T., & Mahboubi, K. (2011). The Examination of the effect of ownership structure on firm performance in listed firms of Tehran stock exchange based on the type of the industry. International Journal of Business & Management, 6(3), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n3p249.
Flamini, V., Schumacher, L. B., & McDonald, C. A. (2009, January 1). The determinants of commercial bank profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Paper, 15. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451871623.001.Geletkanycz, M. A., & Boyd, B. K. (2011). CEO outside directorships and firm performance: A reconciliation of agency and embeddedness views. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 335-352. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.60263094.Gul, S., Irshad, F., & Zaman, K. (2011, March). Factors affecting bank profitability in Pakistan. Romanian Economic Journal, 14(39), 61-87.Gürbüz’, A. O., Aybars, A., & Kutlu, Ö. (2010). Corporate governance and financial performance with a perspective on institutional ownership: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, 8(2), 21-37.Haddawee, A. H., &Flayyih, H. H. (2020, August). Relationship between bank deposits and profitability of commercial banks. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity & Change, 13(...), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201215.010.Hapsari, A. N., Putri, N. K., & Arofah, T. (2016). The influence of profitability, solvency, and auditor’s opinion to audit report lag at coal mining companies. Binus Business Review, 7(2), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v7i2.1685.Hay, D. A., Ragab, N. S., & Hegazy, W. (2019, January). The effect of human capital disclosures on the financial performance in the Lebanese commercial banks. Academy of Accounting & Financial Studies, 23(2), 1-18.Heenetigala, K., & Armstrong, A. F. (2012). The impact of corporate governance on firm performance in an unstable economic and political environment: Evidence from Sri Lanka. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1971927.Herri, H. (2011, July). Firms performance and top management characteristics in Indonesia. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 10(8), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i8.5374.Hester, D. D., & Zoellner, J. F. (1966, November). The relation between bank portfolios and earnings: An econometric analysis. The Review of Economics & Statistics, 48(4), 372-386. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924615.Hidayat, S. E., & Abduh, M. (2012, July). Does financial crisis give impacts on Bahrain Islamic banking performance? A panel regression analysis. International Journal of Economics & Finance, 4(7), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v4n7p79.Hirtle, B. (2007). The impact of network size on bank branch performance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 31(12), 3782-3805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.01.020.Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Human Resource Management, 38(3), 635-672. https://www.markhuselid.com/pdfs/articles/1995_AMJ_ HPWS_Paper.pdf.Hussain, N., & Shahzad, B. (2014). Effect of direct participation on perceived organizational performance: A case study of banking sector of Pakistan. European Journal of Business & Management, 6(7), 220-230.Ibrahim, Q., Rehman, R. U., & Raoof, A. (2010). Role of corporate governance in firm performance: A comparative study between chemical and pharmaceutical sectors of Pakistan. International Research Journal of Finance & Economics, 50(5), 7-16.Jelena, V. -D., Jelena, J., & Radenko, M. (2013). A comparative analysis of contribution of human resource management to organizational performance of banks in Serbia. Industrija, 41(4), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.5937/industrija41-4487.
Junarsin,E. (2011). Under pricing in initial public offering. American Journal of Social & Management Sciences, 2(3), 316-324. https://doi.org/10.5251/ajsms.2011.2.3.316.324.Karaca, S. S., & Eksi, I. H. (2012). The relationship between ownership structure and firm performance: An empirical analysis over? Istanbul stock exchange (ISE) listed companies. International Business Research, 5(1), 172-181. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p172.Katou, A. A., & Budhwar, P. S. (2007). The effect of human resource management policies on organizational performance in Greek manufacturing firms. Thunderbird International Business Review, 49(5), 630-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.Khatab, H., Masood, M., Zaman, K., Saleem, S., & Saeed, B. (2011). Corporate governance and firm performance: A case study of Karachi stock market. International Journal of Trade, Economics & Finance, 2(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2011.v2.76.Kondo, K. (2015). Cross-prefecture expansion of regional banks in Japan and its effects on lending-based income. Cogent Economics & Finance, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2015.1017947.Li, J., Koh, W. K. L., & Hia, H. S. (1997). The effects of interactive leadership on human resource management in Singapore’s banking industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(5), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/095851997341478.McKinsey, & Company. (2007).Women matter. Gender diversity, a corporate performance driver. Paris: McKinsey & Company. http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/swiss/ news_publications/pdf/women_matter_english.pdf.Najid, N. A., & Rahman, R. A. (2011, April). Government ownership and performance of Malaysian government-linked companies. International Research Journal of Finance & Economics, 61(April), 42–56.Ongore, V. O., & Kusa, G. B. (2013). Determinants of financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. International Journal of Economics & Financial Issues, 3(1), 237-252. http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/334.Peña, I., & Villasalero, M. (2010). Business strategy, human resource systems,and organizational performance in the Spanish banking industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(15), 2864–2888. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.528670Prabowo, M., & Simpson, J. (2011). Independent directors and firm performance in family controlled firms: evidence from Indonesia. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 25(1), 121-132. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8411.2011.01276.x. Quresh, T. M., Akbar, A., Khan, M. A., Sheikh, R. A., & Hijazi, S. T.(2010, July). Do human resource management practices have an impact on financial performance of banks? African Journal of Business Management, 4(7), 1281-1288.Reddy, K., Locke,S., & Scrimgeour, F. (2010). The efficacy of principle-based corporate governance practices and firm financial performance: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 6(3), 190-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/17439131011056224.Rodríguez, J. M., & Ventura, J. (2003). Human resource management systems and organizational performance: An analysis of the Spanish manufacturing industry. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(7), 1206-1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000114273.
Rouf, M. A. (2011). The relationship betweem corporate governance and value of the firm in developong countries: Evidence from Bangladesh. The International Journal of Applied Economics & Finance, 5(3), 237-244. Doi:10.3923/ijaef.2011.237.244.Seale, G. (2004, October 20). Branching continues to thrive as the U.S. banking system consolidates(pp. 1-12). FYI: An update on emerging issues in banking series, Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.Shumway, T. (2001, January). Forecasting bankruptcy more accurately: A simple hazard model. Journal of Business, 74(1), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.1086/209665.Simpson, A. V., Clegg, S. R., & Freeder, D. (2013). Compassion, power and organization. Journal of Political Power, 6(3), 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2013.846558.Stone, D. L., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2013). Emerging issues in theory and research on electronic human resource management (eHRM). Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.001.Subat, A., Rahman, M. M., & Rahman, M. R. (2020, December). Employees perception on recruitment and selection process in banking sector of Bangladesh. The Journal of Management Theory & Practice, 1(3), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2020.1.3.41.Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013, June). What determines the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Accounting & Finance, 53(2), 561-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2011.00466.x.Uwuigbe, U., & Olusanmi, O. (2012, January). An empirical examination of the relationship between ownership structure and the performance of firms in Nigeria. International Business Research, 5(1), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p208.Valenti, M. A., Luce, R., & Mayfield, C. (2011, March). The effects of firm performance on corporate governance. Management Research Review, 34(3), 266-283. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111116295.Williams, R. (n.d.). Heteroskedasticity. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www3.nd.edu/~rwilliam/.Zardkoohi, A., & Kolari, J. (1994). Branch office economies of scale and scope: Evidence from savings banks in Finland. Journal of Banking & Finance, 18(3), 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(94)90001-9.Zou, T., Lan, W., Wang, H., & Tsai, C. L. (2017). Covariance regression analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 112(517), 266-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2015.1131699.Zou, Y. D., Miller, S. M., & Malamud, B. (2011). Geographic deregulation and commercial bank performance in U.S. state banking markets. Quarterly Review of Economics & Finance, 51(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2010.09.003.
Published
2024-12-05
How to Cite
SUBAT, Athkia et al.
Human Resource Indicators and Bank Performance.
Journal of Accounting, Business and Management (JABM), [S.l.], v. 31, n. 2, p. 85-97, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2622-2167.
Available at: <https://journal.stie-mce.ac.id/index.php/jabminternational/article/view/1141>. Date accessed: 29 mar. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v31i2.1141.
Section
Articles
